Continuous secondary-ice production initiated by updrafts through the melting layer in mountainous regions

Melting the ice one layer at a time.

The melting of ice is one of the most common processes on earth. Interestingly, as an ice crystal is warmed from below toward its bulk melting temperature of 0 ◦C a thin film of water forms on it. This water film, referred to as a premelting layer or a quasi-liquid layer (QLL), has been known about for well over a century (1). It is relevant not just to the melting of ice but to important assoc...

Effects of Slip Condition on the Characteristic of Flow in Ice Melting Process

In this paper a laminar flow of water on an ice layer subjected to a slip condition is considered numerically. The paper describes a parametric mathematical model to simulate the coupled heat and mass transfer events occurring in moving boundary problems associated with a quasi steady state steady flow process. The discretization technique of the elliptic governing differential equations of mas...

Grain boundary melting in ice.

We describe an optical scattering study of grain boundary premelting in water ice. Ubiquitous long ranged attractive polarization forces act to suppress grain boundary melting whereas repulsive forces originating in screened Coulomb interactions and classical colligative effects enhance it. The liquid enhancing effects can be manipulated by adding dopant ions to the system. For all measured gra...

Editorial: The Atmosphere over Mountainous Regions

The Provision of Countryside Amenities External benefits of agricultural production in mountainous regions

This paper evaluates the nonmarket activities provided by farmers for recreational and residential purposes in several European regions. A regionally specified general equilibrium model is used to derive the efficiency conditions for a competitive equilibrium to guarantee a Pareto optimal outcome, and some conclusions regarding compensation payments are drawn. Furthermore, existing compensation...